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Hazardous Stump Removal The removal of hazardous stumps is a unique process requiring specialized equipment. As such, this process requires unique documentation and costing to realize full reimbursement, and meet the following criteria:  50% or more of the root ball exposed  Greater than 24” in diameter, as measured 24” above the ground  Located on public property or a public ROW  Immediate threat to public health and safety Once the diameter is established, pictures are taken, GPS coordinates establish the location, and the specific threat is documented, the stump will be physically removed by the best means available. The resulting hole from the stump removal will be backfilled and the amount of material needed will be recorded. Reduction of Debris Reduction of debris is normally applied to vegetative debris such as brush and tree debris, which is also referred to as “burnable debris”. However, the reduction process can also be applied to some items that are considered non-burnable or construction and demolition debris. This would include such items as household furniture, construction materials such as roofing, and treated timber. This process is applied to reduce the volume of the material that is being landfilled. The economic evaluation of weighing the reduction cost against the unreduced landfill cost will be a factor in determining the feasibility of this approach. The most common methods of reduction are burning, chipping, grinding, and recycling. Recycling is covered in various sections as appropriate. Incineration There are two general classifications of the burning method, open burn, and air curtain incineration. Open Burning: Open burning, although very cost-effective, may not be suitable for urban areas. The feasibility of this method is very dependent on the location and the cleanliness of the debris. Many areas and locations will not permit open burn, particularly in urban environments where heavy smoke can create health and property damage concerns. However, in rural locations, if the debris is clean, there is very little environmental impact, and the resulting ash can remain on the site or be used as a soil additive. Bulldozers and loaders are the primary equipment required to operate an open burn process. Air Curtain Incineration: Air curtain incineration is also a very cost-effective method of reducing clean, vegetative debris but with less environmental impact than the open burning method. Air curtain incineration incorporates the use of a “burn pit” aided by a forced-air blower. The pit can be constructed below or above grade (depending on the water table) and includes a mechanical blower to create constant optimal burn rates and an “air curtain” effect. The air curtain incineration system is a combination of the blower and pit, engineered as a unit to achieve the effect of holding the smoke while feeding air to the fire pit. Since differing site locations contain differing conditions, such as soil composition, water table levels, etc., there are no air curtain incineration systems standards in the industry. In the construction and operation of an efficient air curtain incineration system, special consideration must be given to the following factors: 1. A setback of at least 100 feet between debris piles and the burn area with a minimum setback from buildings and structures of at least 1,000 feet. 2. Construction of non-combustible “warning” stop blocks (at least 1 foot in height) for equipment located at the burn pit 3. Use limestone (or equal material) for the construction of the “pit” with reinforced earth anchors, or wire mesh to support the loader ramps. 4. Use clay or limestone to create an impervious layer on the bottom of the pit to prevent the leaching of the ash from the aquifer. This layer shall be at least 1 foot deep and will be regularly inspected and maintained at that depth in the event scraper activity removes part of the layer during operations. 5. Seal the pit ends at least four feet high. ITB No. 23-04-01 Disaster Debris Management and Disposal Services 88