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<br />b. It must be "no broader than necessary" to achieve its purpose: <br /> <br />i. The adult use law should <br /> <br />(i) be coherent regulatory scheme narrowly designed to attack the <br />problems associated with adult establishments; <br /> <br />(ii) set forth explicit standards for those who apply them to preclude <br />arbitrary and discriminatory application; <br /> <br />(iii) affect only the category of uses that produce the unwanted <br />negative effects; and <br /> <br />c. The zoning regulation must provide alternative locations for adult use <br />businesses. <br /> <br />i. By preventing adult businesses from locating in residential districts <br />while allowing such establishments to locate in manufacturing and <br />commercial districts, the StringfeJ/ows court found the amendment <br />protects only those communities and community institutions that are <br />most vulnerable to their adverse impacts. <br /> <br />ii. Municipalities may constitutionally bar adult establishments from, or <br />within, a specified distance of residentially-zoned areas and facilities <br />in which families and children congregate, and may be prohibit adult <br />businesses from operating within a specified distance of one another <br />to avoid the undesirable impacts associated with concentration of <br />such uses. <br /> <br />III. Necessity of Planning Study to Evaluate Secondary Impacts: <br /> <br />A. To justify zoning regulations for adult businesses, municipalities must show that <br />the regulations are not directed at the content of the use, but at the elimination of <br />the negative secondary impacts resulting from that use. These are often <br />demonstrated through secondary effects (or impacts) studies. Based on potential <br />impacts identified in the study, a municipality can then recommend land use <br />controls to regulate these types of uses. <br /> <br />B. Prior to adopting adult entertainment regulations, a municipal government must <br />therefore demonstrate that it has conducted or relied upon planning studies <br />illustrating the need to protect certain areas of the municipality from the negative <br />secondary impacts associated with adult businesses. <br /> <br />C. In Renton v Playtime Theaters, the Court stated "that the city did not have to <br />produce its own studies...but must reasonably believe (on the record) that the <br />studies were relevant to its concerns. It <br /> <br />D. While secondary effect studies ccm take various f8rms, there are ce;-t8in <br />elements that should be included in any study. The Secondary Effects Study of <br />Adult Entertainment Uses from the Village of Scotia (funded by the New York <br /> <br />3 <br />