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o A22re2ates: Large amounts of aggregate debris such as asphalt pavement and concrete may result from the destruction of roadways during disasters. These materials can be collected, stockpiled, and processed to the specifications for road base aggregate or solid fill material. Construction and Demolition Debris: Another large component of disaster debris is the construction and demolition (C&D) material that results from the destruction of homes, commercial and non-commercial buildings, and other structures. The materials produced from these sources may include wood, aggregates, metals, gypsum, plastics, and other miscellaneous components. These materials can be managed by using existing recycling facilities, and supplemented by establishing temporary C&D processing sites in areas where adequate recycling infrastructure does not exist. White Goods and E-waste: Televisions, computer monitors, DVD players, radios and cell phones. Electronics contain a hodgepodge of metals and materials that can be dangerous, given the large numbers that are likely to be thrown out in a hurricane's aftermath. Older electronics can contain lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, nickel and zinc, all toxic to humans. However a number of materials like metals and plastics in electronics can be recycled, reducing pollution while saving energy and resources. Freon and metals recovered from white goods are thoroughly recyclable and marketable. Revenue generated from the recycle of such wastes is typically returned to government entity following cost. Other innovative recycling strategies DRC will explore depending on the setting and scope of an event: (> Development of crib-walls using large woody debris: Tree limbs that are currently being ground- up or are intended for incineration may instead be fashioned into crib-walls for wetlands protection and restoration. Crib-walls may also be fashioned without lumber by interlocking and binding limbs into non-wildlife trapping structures that resist erosion, precipitate sedimentation, and otherwise promote the restoration of the regions protective coastal fringe. Composting to produce valuable fines and to decontaminated materials: Wood chips, contaminated sediments, and other organic debris may be blended into windrows for thern1al composting, such as is used to recycle green waste in many cities, and to decontaminate hydrocarbon-affected soils in remedial actions. Windrow turners, such as pictured at right, mix and oxygenate the organic materials. Other, more-compact composting methods are also available using containerized systems The end result is humus, which may be used for wetlands restoration, soil building, and mulch. Segregation of bricks and aggregate for low-grade structural uses: Solid materials such as brick, fractured brick, cinder block, and aggregate may be segregated from the waste stream and used for structural applications such as erosion control, diversion features, landscape elements, and light-duty pavements. Recvcling of glass and ceramics into durable fines: Bottles, windows, and wall elements may be ground into sand-like fines for structural applications as described above, and also for wetlands restoration and beach renewal. o 69