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EXAMPLE: On a 25 mph street, warning sign should be at least 25 X 5 = 125 ft. before the activity area. On a 45 mph street, the sign might be 45 X 8 = 360 ft. "upstream." When your work obstructs any part of the roadway, advance -warning signs are required in both traffic directions on a two-way road. Multiple signs may be needed on high-speed roads or where visibility is obstructed by something like a bend or hump in the road. Transition area — the section of road where traffic is redirected out of its normal path. The transition area makes use of a "taper," created with cones. A good rule of thumb is to space cones the same number of feet apart as the speed limit. For daytime work and low speed (40 mph and under) roads, 18 -inch cones are acceptable. For nighttime and/or higher speed roads, 28 -inch cones are required. Taper length is important. Table 1 below gives rule -of -thumb taper lengths, based on the width of the work zone (W), in feet. Table 1: Traffic Taper Length, based on Width of Offset (W) Type of taper Seed limit (mph) 15 25 35 165 merging 4W loW 120W 27W 45W 55W 65W Shifting 2W 5W im 13W 123W 28W 33W shoulder 1W 3W 17W 9W 115W 18W 21W one -lane, two-way 100 ft. maximum, flag ers required downstream 100 ft. per lane Activity area — this is the section where the work actually takes place. It should include a buffer space, sort of an extension of the work area in the direction of oncoming traffic (longitudinally) or extending past the side of the work vehicle (laterally), but free of equipment, vehicles and material. Termination area — is used to return vehicles to their normal path downstream of the work. In rural areas, there are generally higher speed limits, less turning traffic, lower volumes of traffic and fewer pedestrians. Urban areas are usually just the opposite. Your crew must evaluate the location, decide which controls are to be used, and see that a plan is followed. Your goals are to create a safe and efficient work site for your crew and passersby, to hinder traffic as little as possible and to guide vehicles and pedestrians in a clear and positive manner. Action steps for work site set-up: ❑ keep equipment and material neat and orderly within the protected area Orange Flag (optional) 4 0.3m(Ift) MIN. Typical warning sign ❑ use the truck's four-way flashers and beacon light, u so equipped, while you're setting up the signs and cones ❑ always chock trucks or detached chippers with at least two chocks ❑ be especially careful whenever children are in the vicinity 18